On September 8, 2025, the U.S. Treasury slapped sanctions on nine crypto-related entities operating out of Shwe Kokko, Myanmar-part of a sweeping crackdown on a network that stole over $10 billion from Americans in just one year. This wasn’t just another regulatory move. It was a direct strike against what the government called a modern slavery operation disguised as a cryptocurrency investment business.

How These Scams Work

These aren’t your typical phishing emails or fake ICOs. The scam centers in Shwe Kokko are large, walled compounds where people-often lured with fake job offers from Thailand or China-are trapped, forced to work 18-hour days, and beaten if they don’t meet daily targets. Their job? To scam Americans out of their money using crypto.

Victims get contacted through dating apps, social media, or LinkedIn messages. The scammers build trust over weeks, sometimes months. They talk about crypto gains, show fake charts, and eventually convince people to send Bitcoin, Ethereum, or stablecoins to wallets controlled by these criminal networks. Once the money moves, it’s layered through mixers, swapped across chains, and funneled into offshore accounts. No one ever sees it again.

The Treasury says these operations aren’t random. They’re organized, militarized, and protected by the Karen National Army (KNA), a rebel group that controls the Shwe Kokko region. In exchange for a cut of the profits, the KNA provides armed guards, immunity from local police, and even electricity and internet infrastructure. The U.S. government now officially calls the KNA a transnational criminal organization.

Who Got Sanctioned

The sanctions targeted nine specific entities tied to scam compounds in Shwe Kokko and ten more based in Cambodia. But the real targets were the people behind them: Saw Chit Thu, the KNA leader, and his two sons, Saw Htoo Eh Moo and Saw Chit Chit. All three were named as key operators of the scam network.

OFAC froze any U.S. assets these individuals or their companies might have held-even bank accounts under shell names. U.S. citizens and businesses are now legally banned from any transaction with them, directly or indirectly. That includes sending crypto to a wallet linked to one of these entities, even if you didn’t know it was connected.

The sanctions also hit the digital infrastructure: websites, domain names, and crypto wallet addresses tied to the scam operations. Some of these wallets had held over $200 million in Bitcoin alone, according to blockchain analysis firms working with the Treasury.

Why Crypto? Why Myanmar?

Crypto is perfect for this kind of crime. Transactions are fast, irreversible, and hard to trace once they leave the initial exchange. Unlike traditional banking, there’s no central authority to freeze funds or reverse transfers. Scammers exploit that.

Myanmar, especially the border areas like Shwe Kokko, is ideal because it’s lawless. The military junta has lost control of large parts of the country. The KNA runs the area like a private fiefdom. Local authorities don’t investigate. International police can’t enter without permission. And since the region isn’t recognized as a sovereign state, there’s no clear jurisdiction for global law enforcement.

The result? A perfect storm. Criminals get protection. Victims get nothing. And the money flows out through crypto, often ending up in exchanges in Southeast Asia or Europe that don’t ask too many questions.

The Human Cost

Behind every $10 billion loss is a human story. The Treasury doesn’t just call these scams financial fraud-they call them human rights abuses. The people running the scams? Many are victims themselves. They were trafficked, sold into debt bondage, or kidnapped. They’re forced to scam strangers while living in cages, under constant surveillance.

One former employee, who escaped in early 2025 and spoke to the FBI under witness protection, described being locked in a room with 15 others, given a phone and a script, and told to make 20 successful scams a day-or face punishment. He said he saw people beaten with metal rods for failing to convince victims to send more money.

And the American victims? They’re not just out money. Many lost life savings, retirement funds, or money meant for medical bills. Some took out loans to invest. Others were emotionally manipulated into believing they were helping a partner they met online. The psychological damage runs deep.

How the U.S. Is Fighting Back

This isn’t the first time the U.S. has acted. But it’s the most comprehensive. The Treasury used four different executive orders at once:

• E.O. 13851-targets transnational criminal organizations
• E.O. 13694-hits cyber-enabled financial fraud
• E.O. 13818-addresses serious human rights violations
• E.O. 14014-targets threats to Myanmar’s stability

This multi-angle approach means the sanctions aren’t just about money. They’re about breaking the entire ecosystem: the criminals, the enablers, the protectors, and the financial pipelines.

The FBI, Secret Service, and international partners have been tracking these operations for over a year. They mapped wallet addresses, traced money flows, and identified the physical locations of the scam compounds using satellite imagery and informant reports. This level of coordination is new-and it’s working.

What This Means for Crypto Users

If you’re a regular crypto user, you’re not at risk just for holding Bitcoin or Ethereum. But you need to be careful about where you send your funds.

OFAC has published a list of all sanctioned wallet addresses. If you accidentally send crypto to one of them-even if you thought it was a legitimate exchange-you could be violating U.S. law. The Treasury says ignorance isn’t a defense. That’s why major exchanges like Coinbase and Kraken have started blocking transfers to these addresses automatically.

If you’ve ever received crypto from an unknown source-especially from a wallet linked to Southeast Asia-check it against OFAC’s sanctions list. It’s free. It’s public. And it could save you from legal trouble.

What’s Next?

The U.S. says this is just the beginning. Treasury officials have hinted that more sanctions are coming-possibly targeting banks in Thailand and Cambodia that processed these funds, or even officials in Myanmar’s military who benefit from the scam profits.

There’s also growing pressure to force crypto exchanges outside the U.S. to comply with OFAC rules. If an exchange serves U.S. customers-even indirectly-it could be cut off from the global financial system.

Meanwhile, the KNA is reportedly shifting operations to other border towns. But with U.S. intelligence now focused on the patterns-how money moves, who protects whom, where the scams are clustered-it’s harder to hide.

The message is clear: crypto isn’t a free-for-all. If you use it to enable slavery and theft, the U.S. will find you.

How to Protect Yourself

• Never send crypto to someone you met online, no matter how real they seem.
• Use only regulated exchanges that screen for sanctioned addresses.
• Check wallet addresses on OFAC’s SDN list before sending large amounts.
• If you suspect you’ve been scammed, report it to the FBI’s IC3 immediately-even if you think it’s too late.
• Be wary of "guaranteed returns" on crypto investments. If it sounds too good to be true, it is.

The $10 billion lost in 2024 wasn’t just a number. It was 10 million individual tragedies. And the U.S. government is finally treating it like one.